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shankardba/anima

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Fork of Garinmckayl/anima (MIT): interactive, sourced biology figures, extending into biochemistry

Обзор

Anima Atlas is an interactive map of biology. Start at an anatomical figure of the whole body, pick a body system (skeletal, muscular, nervous, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, endocrine, immune, urinary, skin, reproductive, the senses), zoom into one of its organs, and keep going through cells and compartments to live, sourced figures of the mechanisms inside: glycolysis, the Cori cycle, the electron transport chain, dopamine signalling, a beta cell responding to GLP-1, and more. Every stop links sideways too, by the molecules it shares (follow NADH or ATP across the map) and by the principles it shows (allosteric control, recycling NAD⁺, gradients that store energy). - Body → system → organ → cell → compartment → pathway → molecule. The breadcrumb, the up arrow and Esc zoom back out to the spot you came from; every stop has its own link.

README

Anima Atlas

Zoom from the whole body down to a single enzyme, and watch how biology works.

Anima Atlas is an interactive map of biology. Start at an anatomical figure of the whole body, pick a body system (skeletal, muscular, nervous, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, endocrine, immune, urinary, skin, reproductive, the senses), zoom into one of its organs, and keep going through cells and compartments to live, sourced figures of the mechanisms inside: glycolysis, the Cori cycle, the electron transport chain, dopamine signalling, a beta cell responding to GLP-1, and more. Every stop links sideways too, by the molecules it shares (follow NADH or ATP across the map) and by the principles it shows (allosteric control, recycling NAD⁺, gradients that store energy).

What you can do

  • Zoom. Body → system → organ → cell → compartment → pathway → molecule. The breadcrumb, the up arrow and Esc zoom back out to the spot you came from; every stop has its own link.
  • Set the Detail. One Low · Medium · High control changes every explanation and how many labels the diagrams show, so the same atlas works for a curious beginner and a medical student.
  • Play with the mechanism. Each figure has switches and sliders that change the biology, a live readout driven by one small model, and hover explanations.
  • Follow connections. The side panel lists what a stop contains, what it passes on to, what it makes and uses, what switches it on or off, and which principles it illustrates.
  • Learn the building blocks. A Building blocks section teaches what everything else rests on: prokaryote versus eukaryote cells, the phospholipid bilayer, DNA’s nucleotides and double helix, and where a gene starts (the TATA box).
  • See how it is found out. A Research section teaches lab methods by letting you run them, starting with PCR.
  • Take a journey. Guided tours walk across systems one stop at a time. Follow a glucose molecule goes from lunch in the gut, through the blood, insulin and a muscle cell’s mitochondria, to the myosin heads that spend its energy. Follow a fat molecule goes from a fat cell under the skin, through the blood and β-oxidation, to the same myosin heads. Other tours follow a breath of oxygen, vitamin D from sunlight to bone, a 400 m sprint, a vaccine shot, a fat molecule, and a gene to its protein.
  • Check the sources. Every number on screen is cited, every figure says what was simplified, and nothing is medical advice.

The figures

Where in the atlas Figure What you change
Body › Circulatory › Blood The Cori cycle sprinting or steady muscle; liver ATP or AMP
Body › Muscular › Skeletal muscle › Muscle fibre Glycolysis cell energy state; PFK-1 regulation on or off
… › Mitochondrion The citric acid cycle the cell at rest, balanced or working; oxygen present or none
… › Mitochondrion Electron transport and ATP synthase NADH or succinate; five inhibitors
Principles Enzyme kinetics and inhibition substrate, inhibitor type and amount
Principles Homeostasis: holding a set point temperature, glucose, calcium or thyroid; a steady load; push up or down; the loop cut; response strength
Body › Nervous › Brain A myelinated neuron myelin on or off
… › Dopamine synapse D1 and D2 receptors dopamine level; a generic D2 antagonist
… › Dopamine synapse Cocaine and amphetamine at the transporter none, cocaine or amphetamine
Body › Nervous › Brain Reward and addiction first or repeated exposure (one model); a cue
Body › Respiratory › Lungs › Air sac Haemoglobin: loading and unloading oxygen altitude; resting or hard-working muscle; Bohr effect; faster breathing
Body › Digestive › Stomach and intestines › Villus Absorbing glucose on a sodium gradient sugar in the gut; salt; the sodium pump
… › Muscle fibre The cross-bridge cycle nerve signal (calcium); ATP plenty, low or none
Body › Skin › Skin layers › A cut › Venule Inflammation after a cut time (0–96 h); bacteria none, few or many; neutrophil sticking
Body › Digestive › Large intestine › Gut bacteria Fibre in, short-chain fatty acids out fibre low, typical or high; bacteria normal or depleted
Body › Endocrine › Pancreas Semaglutide and the GLP-1 receptor ligand; blood glucose
Body › Nervous › Brain Estrogen and aggression testosterone supply; aromatase
Body › Circulatory › Heart The cardiac cycle heart rate; vagus, pacemaker alone or adrenaline; slow motion
Body › Circulatory › Blood vessels Arteries, capillaries and veins arteriole radius; classic or revised Starling exchange
Body › Urinary › Kidneys The nephron: filtering and reclaiming ADH level (or how much you drank)
Body › Urinary › Bladder Filling and emptying the bladder adult or toddler; decide when to go
Body › Nervous › Spinal cord Why does a doctor tap my knee? tap; height; break a link; Jendrassik reinforcement
Body › Nervous › Nerves Nerves: fast fibres and slow ones your fibre’s diameter and myelin; somatic, sympathetic or parasympathetic output
Body › Endocrine › Thyroid The thyroid and its feedback loop iodine intake; healthy, underactive or overactive gland
Body › Endocrine › Adrenal glands Adrenaline and cortisol: fast and slow stress how long the stress lasts; mild or strong; judged by others; time
Body › Endocrine › Pituitary gland The pituitary: one gland, many loops one of seven hormones; end product too low, normal or too high
Body › Immune › Lymph nodes How a vaccine works: first and second responses first or second meeting with the germ; day
Body › Immune › Spleen The spleen: a filter for worn-out red cells surface area lost; flexible or stiffened membrane
Body › Immune › Thymus The thymus: where T cells are tested age; the medulla’s AIRE test working or missing
Body › Immune › White blood cells White blood cells: a stained blood smear the cell type; healthy, bacterial, viral or allergic shares
Body › Endocrine › Pancreas Blood-glucose feedback: insulin and glucagon a meal, a day’s fast or an hour of exercise; time; units; the loop cut (teaching toggle)
Body › Digestive › Liver Glycogen: build or break insulin, glucagon or adrenaline; liver or muscle
Body › Digestive › Liver The urea cycle protein eaten per day
… › Mitochondrion Fat burning: β-oxidation fed (malonyl-CoA brake) or fasting; chain length C8–C18
Body › Skeletal › Bone Bone: built, dissolved and rebuilt calcium in the diet; vitamin D
Body › Skeletal › Joints Joints: where bones meet and move hinge, ball and socket or pivot; angle; synovial fluid, no lubricin or salt water
Body › Reproductive › Ovaries and uterus The menstrual cycle day of the cycle; cycle length 24–38 days
Body › Reproductive › Testes The testis: testosterone and sperm steady, testosterone from outside, or fewer sperm made
Body › Circulatory › Heart › Pacemaker cell What makes the heart beat: the pacemaker cell vagus, none or sympathetic input and its strength; the funny current working or blocked; slow motion
Body › Nervous › Brain › Sleep and the body clock Sleep and the body clock time of day; at home or six time zones east or west; days since landing
Body › Nervous › Spinal cord › Pain Pain: from a nerve ending to the brain touch, pinprick or heat and its strength; rub the area; healthy or inflamed skin; the brainstem’s descending control
Body › Senses › Eye The eye: focusing light on the retina object distance; a lens that can round up or a stiff one
… › Eye › Rods and cones Phototransduction: how a rod catches light flash strength (1 to 5,000 photoisomerisations); dark- or light-adapted; rod or cone; wavelength against the S, M, L and rod pigments
Body › Senses › Ear The ear: from air to fluid loudness in dB SPL; low or high pitch; follow the sound through outer, middle and inner ear; a stuck stapes
… › Ear › Cochlea The cochlea: a keyboard for pitch frequency 20 Hz–20 kHz; loudness; outer hair cells working or damaged
Body › Senses › Taste and smell Taste and smell: reading molecules taste, smell or flavour; one of five tastes; an odorant and its concentration; nose open or pinched

Research

Lab methods, separate from the biology but on the same map.

Lesson What you change
PCR: copying DNA with primers step or run cycles; annealing temperature and primer pair; ideal or realistic efficiency; contrast with the replication fork
Gel electrophoresis load and run the gel against time and voltage; agarose 0.7–2%; swap the leads; click a band to read its size off the ladder
Southern and Northern blots step through separate, transfer, hybridise, wash and detect; DNA or RNA; wash temperature (stringency); how closely a related gene matches the probe
RT-qPCR: counting mRNA by cycles how much the treatment changes the gene; two samples or a 10-fold dilution series; threshold; a clean or contaminated no-template control; assay efficiency, RNA loaded and a log scale
DNA sequencing: chain termination the ddNTP share (too little, balanced, too much); four radioactive lanes or four colours in one capillary; click a base to add a mutation; the share of DNA carrying it; how next-generation sequencing differs
Flow cytometry: gating on light pick or drag a scatter gate around lymphocytes, monocytes or granulocytes; move the CD4–CD8 quadrant cross; colour dots by true cell type; FITC spillover and compensation
Fluorescence microscopy and its limit the label (Hoechst, Alexa Fluor 488 or 647, EGFP, mCherry) with its spectra, filters and Stokes shift; emitted wavelength, numerical aperture and the distance between two points against Abbe’s λ/2NA; widefield or confocal and the pinhole; super-resolution ranges
Mass spectrometry: reading a peptide by weight one of four albumin peptides; b ions, y ions or both; step up the y ladder gap by gap; swap L for I or E for D; precursor charge; trypsin’s proline rule
Antibodies as tools antibody concentration against Kd, with a look-alike protein; labelled primary or secondary; monoclonal or polyclonal; cut IgG with papain
SDS-PAGE: sorting proteins by size run the gel (or too long); acrylamide percentage; reduce IgG with DTT; SDS or native; read an unknown’s size off the ladder
Western blot: finding one protein step through run, transfer, block, primary, secondary and detect; skip blocking; primary antibody dilution; exposure and saturation; divide by nothing, β-actin or total protein
Eastern blot: blots for modifications probe the same blot for total P, phospho-P, total G or sugars (a lectin); phosphatase and PNGase F lanes; milk or BSA blocking; Phos-tag gel; what “Eastern” means
ELISA: measuring a protein with colour direct, indirect, sandwich or competitive; your sample’s true amount, read through four dilutions; washes done or skipped; re-run the plate; 4PL or straight-line fit; click any well to look inside
Spectrophotometry: measuring by light how much is in the sample, with photons absorbed at random depths in the cuvette; path length 0.2–1 cm; NADH, NAD⁺ or ELISA yellow; drag the wavelength across the spectrum; stray light and where the standard curve bends
Chromatography: separating a mixture size exclusion, ion exchange or a thin-layer plate; watch bands run and peaks draw while a close-up shows each molecule’s share of time moving; column length, flow and sample load; salt gradient; solvent polarity; resolution of the closest pair
Seeing molecules: X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM X-ray crystallography or cryo-EM; a resolution slider from 12 Å to 1.2 Å that sharpens a computed density map of a helix (rods, side chains, ring holes, waters, atoms) and moves the ring on the diffraction pattern; map alone or with the model; contour level; noisy particle images averaging live; landmark structures on a resolution scale
How do we know? Trials and statistics the drug’s true effect and people per group; run one trial (people randomised from a waiting room into two arms) or a hundred more; placebo or no control group, randomised or not, blinded or not; see the share significant, the confidence intervals that miss, and what happens if only ‘significant’ trials are shown (illustrative simulation)

Building blocks

Lesson What you change
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes magnified or true scale; shared or kind-specific parts; where mitochondria came from
The phospholipid bilayer the molecule sent across (O₂, CO₂, water, urea, glucose, Na⁺) against measured permeabilities; membrane proteins; temperature, kinked tails and cholesterol; watch it assemble
Nucleotides and the double helix edit a 20-base strand; temperature melts it (Wallace rule, Marmur–Doty); turn length 10.4 or 10 bp
Where a gene starts: the TATA box human or bacterium; mutate the TATA box and watch initiation fall; TATA-less promoters
Transcription: gene to mRNA human or bacterium (capping, splicing and a poly(A) tail, or translation while it is made); speed
Translation: mRNA to protein silent, missense, nonsense or frameshift mutation; speed; a live codon table
Protein structure: four levels primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary, morphing one chain; colour by side chain or by structure; the peptide bond, H-bonds and a salt bridge at High
How a protein folds an HP lattice chain folding down its energy funnel; urea on and off (Anfinsen); edit the H/P pattern; a crowded cell with or without chaperones; amyloid templating; an AlphaFold note at High
Predicting a protein’s shape five steps: how AlphaFold-style prediction works, coevolution in a toy alignment, recycling, confidence (pLDDT bands on real AlphaFold DB models of haemoglobin β, myoglobin, p53 and tau; a toy error map), and what predictions leave out
Cell division: mitosis and meiosis stage by stage through either division; skip the spindle check or the DNA-damage checks and watch errors build up over generations
Copying DNA and repairing it proofreading and mismatch repair on or off against measured error rates; mismatch, base excision and UV-damage repair step by step
Diffusion, osmosis and surface area concentration difference, barrier thickness and area (Fick’s law); how far; the solution around a red cell; cell size and shape

Run it

npm install
npm run dev      # http://localhost:8974
npm run check    # typecheck, graph integrity, and every figure model's self-checks
npm run build    # static site in dist/

Node.js 23.6 or later (the checks import TypeScript files directly). The site is static and needs no server or outside service: fonts are bundled, routing uses the URL hash, and the build works from any path.

How it is built

src/
  atlas/     graph of every stop and link (graph.ts), zoom routing, side panel, search, Detail setting
  hubs/      overview diagrams with zoom doors: body, each body system, brain, synapse, muscle fibre, liver cell, mitochondrion
  anatomy/   the anatomical figure: skeleton, muscles and each system's organs as SVG geometry in one 400 × 720 space
  figures/   interactive figures, the shared figure shell, and models/ (each figure's model with self-checks)
  design/    design tokens (dark and light), shared molecule colours, base styles
public/thumbs/   card thumbnails
skills/anima/    the Claude Code skill these figures grew from (see below)
  • One graph. src/atlas/graph.ts holds every node with three summaries (low, medium, high), its view, and typed links (makes, uses, carries, switches on, switches off, example of). npm run check fails if a link points nowhere, a node cannot be reached from a root, or a figure has no component.
  • One model per figure. Each figure’s behaviour lives in src/figures/models/ as plain TypeScript with check… functions, for example that oligomycin raises the proton gradient while cutting oxygen use, or that semaglutide differs from GLP-1 at exactly positions 8 and 34. The checks run with npm run check.
  • Shared visual language. Each molecule family has one colour everywhere (glucose teal, lactate coral, ATP amber, NADH violet, oxygen sky, H⁺ red), set in src/design/tokens.css.

The skill

skills/anima/ is the Claude Code skill that drafts new figures: its instructions (SKILL.md), an isometric drawing kit, biology references, the classic standalone versions of every figure, and the browser checks. A new topic is usually drafted there with the skill, checked, then rebuilt as a figure in src/figures/ and placed on the map. See its README.

Deployment

.github/workflows/deploy.yml builds the site and publishes it to GitHub Pages on every push to main. Pages must first be enabled for the repository (Settings › Pages › Source: GitHub Actions). For a private repository this needs a paid GitHub plan, and the published site is public.

Sources and limits

These are educational figures. They are not medical advice, not a validated anatomy atlas, and not a diagnostic or prescribing tool. Drug figures explain mechanism only, with no doses, routes or advice. Biology varies between species, tissues and individuals; each figure says where its evidence comes from (for example rodent versus human) and what it leaves out.

Credits and license

MIT. Forked from Garinmckayl/anima by Natnael Getenew and Ryan, whose skill, kit and six original figures this project builds on; see LICENSE.

View this README on GitHub

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Установка

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